Prevention
of Unintentional Injuries in Children
ABSTRACT:
This is a review article about the past and current approaches
to injury prevention in children and recommendations for the
future. Orthopedic physicians who care for children must not
only be knowledgeable in the care of musculoskeletal injuries,
but must also be familiar with intervention strategies as the
focus in medicine shifts from illness to wellness with the
emphasis on population-based care. Unintentional injury accounts
for 80% of all deaths among teenagers and young adults …
BODIES
RECOVERED FROM FIRES
(Reader
is cautioned)
Overview
Investigation
Circumstances
& Manner of Death
Smoke
Inhalation & Toxic
Gases
Carbon
Monoxide
Hydrogen
Cyanide
Burns
SUMMARY
- The key questions to be resolved are: Was the
victim alive or dead at the time the fire started? Is the
cause of death fire related? If so, is the cause of death
smoke inhalation, burns, or heat shock? If not, what is the
cause of death?
Princeton
University Laser Safety Training Guide
Management
Guidelines
for People with Burn Injury
NSW Health released the NSW goals and
targets for prevention and management of injury in August 1995. Burns are one
of the priority targets and NSW Health is responsible for improvements in
prevention and management. As part of this responsibility the Centre for
Clinical Policy and Practice in the Public Health Division has been working
with a group of burn care experts to develop guidelines for the management of
people with
burn
injury.
Management Guidelines for People with Burn
Injury have been developed to provide simple, practical advice for the
management of people who have a burn injury, especially those that don’t
require transfer to a specialist burns unit…Throughout the document, recommendations
have been made regarding when a burns unit should be consulted. However, users
of these guidelines are encouraged to consult specialists at the burns units
for advice and assistance at any stage, particularly if there is some doubt
about the appropriate course of action.
Management
Guidelines for People with Burn Injury, July 1996
Tap
Water Burns
A
tap water burn is simply a burn (First, Second, Third, or Fourth
degree) caused by exposure to hot water. The burn
sustained from the exposure varies depending upon the
temperature of the water and the length of the exposure.
The age of the person exposed can also play a role in the type
of burn sustained.
Toddlers and young children are at the highest risk of being
scalded by hot water. It is easy to receive third degree
burns from exposure to hot tap water, which comes from not only
hot drinks and pots cooking on the stove, but from bath
water. An approximate one-second exposure to 160° F water
will result in third degree burns. Where the water is
130° F, an approximate half-minute exposure will result in
third degree burns. This is the reason that the Consumer Product
Safety Commission suggests that water heaters be set to a
maximum temperature of 120° F, even though an approximate
ten-minute exposure to water heated to this temperature can
result in third degree burns.
Since
January, 1998, the Johns
Hopkins University Burn Injury Rehabilitation Model System (JHU-BIRMS) has
brought together resources from The
Baltimore Regional Burn Center, The
Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Departments
of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Physical
Medicine and Rehabilitation, and the Kennedy
Krieger Institute. The JHU-BIRMS is funded by the National
Institute on Disability and Rehabilitation Research (NIDRR), a division of
the U.S. Department of Education.
Currently, there are four Burn
Injury Rehabilitation Model Systems in the United
States. The purpose of the JHU-BIRMS is to investigate,
demonstrate, and evaluate improved outcomes for people with
severe burn
injuries by providing a full range of care designed
to lessen the impact of burn injury. The Model System aims to reduce
functional impairment due to secondary physical and psychological
complications, and improve vocational, educational, and quality of life
outcomes following burn injury.
Additional Resources
for burn injury victims and their families:
Medical & Rehab Information
Management
Guidelines for People With Burn Injury
Burn
Treatment Information
Categories
of Burn Injury
Univ.
of Michigan Trauma Burn Center
Tissue
Donation
Human
Growth Hormone & Burn Treatment
Johns
Hopkins Univ. Burn Injury Rehab
Protein & Energy Requirements
Following Burn Injury
Organizations
/ Support
Injury Prevention
BurnFree
(first aid for burns)
SafeKids
Books on Burn Injuries
Conclusion
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